This comprehensive and accessible book provides an overview of the central and most fundamental methodological issue for empirical researchers - how should we interpret statistical significance?Beginning with a thorough introduction to null-hypothesis testing and statistical significance, the book then advances the arguments for and against the current interpretations and the use of significance testing in research.Siu L Chow presents a coherent challenge to contemporary criticisms of significance testing and offers a substantial and thought-provoking contribution to the debate on the proper role of statistical significance in empirical research.Clear and wide-ranging, Statistical Significance will be of interest to all empirical researchers and students who use statistics in the social, behavioural and biological sciences, and invaluable for all statisticians, research methodologists and philosophers of sciences.