This second edition has been completely updated to include new studies, new computer applications and an additional chapter on problems and issues that can arise when carrying out content analysis in four major categories: measurement, indication, representation and interpretation. Basic Content Analysis continues to offer an introduction to content analysis methods from a social science perspective and focuses on the reliability and validity of these coding procedures and their associated category schemes. The popularity of the first edition sprung to a great extent from the author's emphasis on two key standards: that in order for a text to be reliable different people should code the same text in the same way and that the classification procedure must generate variables that are valid so that it measures what the researcher intends it to.It is a book which will be of interest to anyone who has a basic knowledge of research methods and wishes to update and inprove his or her working methods.