How did the organ become a church instrument? In this fascinating investigation Peter Williams speculates on this question and suggests some likely answers. He considers where the organ was placed and why; what the instrument was like in 800, 1000, 1200 and 1400; what music was played and how. He reexamines all known references before c. 1300, covering such areas as history of technology, music theory, art history, architecture, and church and political history. Central to the story he uncovers is the liveliness of European monasticism around 1000 AD and the ability and imagination of the Benedictine reformers.